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{At home} {Indications} {The catheter} {Dangers}
Parenteral nutrition (PN) was introduced to clinical practices in the U.S. in the year of 1967. It is a special fluid mixture injected into the blood with a needle or catheter through a vein. This mixture contains all needed protein, sugars, fat, vitamins, minerals and all other needed nutrients. A year later PN started to be used in Europe. Thanks to the hard work and experience of the Clinic of Gastroenterologic Surgery and Nutrition in Warsaw PN started to be used at homes in the year of 1985 as a 10th or 11th country in Europe. The year of 1990 solidified the method by MZiOA, and in 1999 the method was written in to the procedures of high-specialization. As of today there are about 205 people in Poland who receive PN. Professor Orlowski Hospital in Warsaw has the 125 patients, which are the most patients out of all hospitals in Poland. The leading doctor is M.D. Marek Pertkiewicz. The other leading locations with most patients are: the Child Health Center with about 40 patients, Specialized Hospital Wojewodzki in Olsztyn with about 25 patients, and Lodz with about 20 patients. The obvious fact is that in the 1970’s PN was in the fourth place in the medicinal development. After discovering the antisepsis, anesthesia and antibiotics it was a milestone in the development of the modern medicine. Pharmaceutical industry is producing all the components separately. Amino acid solutions, glucose, fatty emulsions, electroithium, vitamins, trace elements are all delivered in bottles or capsules. That is why in the beginning PN was led by a row of connected bottles with additives of the particular nutritional substances. This method was not only uncomfortable, but it also required constant monitoring of the correct amount of the substance being released from three or more bottles. That is why in 1972 Solassol and Joyeaux from Montpellier started a method of using one container and mixing all of the nutritional substances in a 3-liter plastic bag. Using new materials to produce the feeding bags and finding ways to preserve the nutritional substances further developed this method. The benefits of having only one container allowed this to be used in everyday hospital and patients could use it at home. This method was first introduced to Poland in 1983, and in 1985 the bags began to be used in all Polish hospitals
The purpose of parenteral nutrition (PN) is prevention of death caused by starvation of an ailing person. In the U.S.A. as well as in most of the European countries the right to food intake is recognized as basic human right; that is why PN is a standard in the European Union. There is no doubt that no one will accept death from hunger from a person who can live a normal life, and receive PN. PN can be used at home or at the hospital; it can be used for a period of time or through out the patient’s whole life. Parenteral nutrition can be used at home with patients that do not need further hospitalization and for the ones that their health allows them to stay at home with out constant metabolic monitoring. The nutritional mixture is served through a special vein funnel, which is inserted into the large vein’s that transport the blood directly to the heart (central parenteral nutrition). Another method is to receive the substance through a tube that is inserted into the smaller circular veins, which are located for example on upper extremieties (circular parenteral nutrition).
{At home} {Indications} {The catheter} {Dangers}
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